PROCESS, SESSION and TRANSACTION parameter in Oracle 11g

processes=x

session=(1.5 * PROCESSES) + 22

transactions=sessions*1.1

If we set lower value of sessions and transactions parameters than derived value, Oracle will automatically bump it to above derived value.

select name, value

from v$spparameter

where name in ('sessions','processes','transactions');

select name, value

from v$parameter

where name in ('sessions','processes','transactions');

Since the value of session in spfile is lower than the derived vale therefore it’s taking derived value. There is no value set for Transaction therefore it’s taking derived value 4989. if your set value his higher than default value then oracle will take your given value.